Cruise Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay

Journey Shipping Industry Impacts On Tourism In Jamaica Tourism Essay Section 1 Presentation of the Cruise Shipping Industry and how it impacts on the travel industry in Jamaica The travel industry is the movement for relaxation, business or recreational purposes outside of ones standards for close to a year. It has become the biggest and quickest developing industry in the worldwide economy. In 1871 an American ocean chief called Lorenzo Dow Baker cruised into Port Antonio and took with him a payload of coconuts and 1,450 stems of bananas. The benefit that he made in Boston immediately caused him to understand the potential for the zone since benefits from the offer of the bananas were incredible he before long fabricated a flourishing fare business, called The Boston Fruit Company, which later turned into the United Fruit Company. He possessed 40 banana manors and transported 3,000,000 packs yearly at its pinnacle. He later observed the potential for the travel industry in Jamaica and set up the principal journey boat to and from Port Antonio. So he began cruising guests from the freezing New England states to Jamaica of Port Antonio in his unfilled banana pontoons. He at that point constructed Jamaicas first inn called the Titchfield Hotel in the mid 1900s. In 1905 the lodging was 600 feet of open space and 400 rooms. It was said that no inn on that side of the Atlantic Sea had given any of those comforts that serve so to a great extent to the joy of voyagers. This started to succeed in Jamaica after World War I, when improved strategies for transportation made it simpler for individuals to get from one nation to the next. Signs are that in the mid 1920s the quantity of vacationers visiting the island every year presumably didn't surpass two or three thousand. By 1938 the figure had ascended to 64,000, and in 1952 the quantity of appearances nearly multiplied to more than 104,000; in 1966 the number surpassed 345,000, and in 1970 about 415,000. In 1982 it surpassed 600,000. Since the 1987â ­88 season, the quantity of guests has surpassed one million per year and has kept on developing, halfway because of the incredible increment in the appearances of journey transport travelers. Absolute appearances for 1993 were 1,616,430. The voyage dispatching industry has a wide range of effects on the Jamaican the travel industry. It is one of the quickest developing areas of the travel industry, is getting increasingly well known to sightseers and has a decent potential for development. In Jamaica the business bids to the mass market travels. These are the travels which are reasonably estimated and requests to pretty much every kind of individual. The Caribbean is one of the most the travel industry subordinate areas on the planet with Jamaica being the most reliant as the principle wellspring of salary which brings 25 percent of GDP. Effects looked by the travel industry fluctuate from the ecological perspective, socio-social, and conservative. As it identifies with nature Cruise ships speak to under 1% of the worldwide vendor  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡eet yet it has been assessed that they are liable for 25% of all waste produced by shipper vessels. This volume of waste produces pressures on the earth, especially as for transp ort created squander removal at home ports and ports of call. Other pessimistic effects incorporate conveying limit which is the most extreme number of people suggested on a specific eco-framework before this outcome in consumption of its regular assets. Negative socio-social effects confronted local people incorporate the utilization of assets which may cause clashes, for example, rivalry among traveler and neighborhood populaces for the utilization of prime assets like water and vitality as a result of the scant flexibly. Another negative effect is financial disparity, among local people and visitors, where vacationers ordinarily spend more than they for the most part do at home, local people may appear to feel second rate compared to the sightseers as they can't do such enormous spending which may cause social conflicts. Positive effects are local people and visitors get the opportunity to impart their social contrasts to one another. Conservative effects of journey dispatching i n Jamaica are the expansion of remote trade income, benefit and charges, work, externalities, terms of exchange, and economies of scale. What's more, journey the travel industry requires less foundation contrasted with visit the travel industry at a visitor goal. Negative effects on the travel industry economy are spillages of traveler consumption which present an issue to journey goals. Spillages comprise of visitor income streaming out of Jamaica in which it was spent. The fundamental wellsprings of spillages are shopper merchandise (particularly food and drink), repatriation of benefits, abroad limited time costs and taking care of outer obligation. On the off chance that the pay from the travel industry goes to individuals who live outside of the nation, rather than inhabitants, the advantages of the travel industry are little. Journey the travel industry has been condemned for forcing nearby expenses without repaying benefits. Voyage traveler spending is coordinated towards sho pping where nearby substance is low. Motivation behind the examination Jamaica is an excellent island yet in the previous decades the nation has been changed into a stupendous visitor goal, and in the process pulverizing a couple of the normal excellence en route. In examining the voyage dispatching industry, I am planning to discover the positive and the negative effects of the journey delivering industry on Jamaica and on the off chance that it can continue all the journey ships seen coming in to the ports, taking into account that it is a blasting business. I will likewise try to see whether Jamaica will have the option to oblige all the individuals going to the island on the double through each port. Effects, for example, what effects does voyage ships have on the natural arrangement of Jamaica? What are the natural effects on the ports visited? What are the impacts on union going on in the journey business? 1.2 Significance of the Study The partners that this examination will profit are the Jamaica Tourist Board, the travel industry understudies, the Cruise Shipping industry and the travel industry segment overall, as this will help them in settling on further choices gauging the experts and the cons of this industry on its financial advantage as well as its effect on the earth. 1.3 Statement of the issue On the off chance that sewage from the voyage ships is discharged in the ports at each visit, at that point the marine biological system will be harmed and cause damage to living beings. In the event that such a large number of individuals visit the island without a moment's delay from a journey transport then the aggregate sum of adequate settlement will be surpassed making irreversible harms Jamaica. 1.4 Research Questions Toward the finish of this finish of this examination the inquiries I plan to answer are: What the plans are for the sewage control for each port in Jamaica? Who for the most part profits by the travelers when they visit the administration or the general population (local people)? On the off chance that the analysis is valid on whether has forced nearby expenses without remunerating benefits. On the off chance that local people are denied from water and power when journey ships are at the ports. Meaning of Terms Voyage transport If local people are denied from water and power when journey ships are at the ports. Union The procedure of development in certain business sectors whereby littler organizations are gained or come up short on business, leaving just a couple of predominant players Biological effects Effect on living creature and their non-living (a biotic) domain because of human action or regular marvel Practical Impacts-Economy-wide (macroeconomic) impact on business and wages created by a choice, occasion, or strategy. Gross domestic product Gross Domestic Product Spillages spillage is the non-utilization employments of salary, including sparing, duties, and imports Ports-a city, town, or other spot where boats stack or empty Port of call-A port visited by a voyage transport however where travelers don't start or end their excursion. Socio-social effects social and social issues

Free Essays on Deaf Culture

Hard of hearing Culture: Is everything Peaceful? Deafness isn't an incapacity however an alternate method of being. â€Å"So the individuals from the American hard of hearing network are not typically disengaged, or uncommunicative, or unintelligent or innocent, or poor, or any of these things we envision them to be,† expressed Harlan Lane (269). The hard of hearing produce their own way of life and method of living. Realizing that, what is a culture, what are factors in their way of life, and for what reason is there cynicism related with the hard of hearing network creating their own way of life? Culture is the thing that people learn throughout everyday life. Societies are instructed. People take in their way of life from individuals inside their general public. They learn language, adequate conduct, convictions, customs, and qualities to help them all through life. Societies can likewise be seen as a way of life and be utilized as a feeling of having a place. There are numerous societies in this world. They run from societies of a specific nation to societies of a specific gathering. There are even societies inside a culture. The hard of hearing network for instance has more than one culture. The primary culture they learn is the way of life they are brought up in, essentially, what their countries’ societies are, yet they are additionally part of their own way of life. Hard of hearing people have their own language, needs, and customs alongside the standard culture they live in. In the hard of hearing network, they have their own chances for their gathering of individuals. They have schools, social exercises, occupations, and types of correspondence most definitely. Hard of hearing evaluation schools and universities are everywhere throughout the nation. One of the better-realized schools is Gallaudet University. As indicated by Oliver Sacks, â€Å"Gallaudet is the main human sciences school for the hard of hearing on the planet and is, additionally, the center of the world’s hard of hearing community† starting at 1988 (236). Gallaudet is additionally known for a mob that occurred in March of 1988. The mob was to challenge choice of a conference president for ... Free Essays on Deaf Culture Free Essays on Deaf Culture Hard of hearing Culture: Is everything Peaceful? Deafness isn't an incapacity however an alternate method of being. â€Å"So the individuals from the American hard of hearing network are not typically confined, or uncommunicative, or unintelligent or virtuous, or penniless, or any of these things we envision them to be,† expressed Harlan Lane (269). The hard of hearing produce their own way of life and method of living. Realizing that, what is a culture, what are factors in their way of life, and for what reason is there antagonism related with the hard of hearing network delivering their own way of life? Culture is the thing that people learn throughout everyday life. Societies are educated. People take in their way of life from individuals inside their general public. They learn language, worthy conduct, convictions, customs, and qualities to help them all through life. Societies can likewise be seen as a way of life and be utilized as a feeling of having a place. There are numerous societies in this world. They extend from societies of a specific nation to societies of a specific gathering. There are even societies inside a culture. The hard of hearing network for instance has more than one culture. The primary culture they learn is the way of life they are brought up in, fundamentally, what their countries’ societies are, yet they are likewise part of their own way of life. Hard of hearing people have their own language, needs, and customs alongside the standard culture they live in. In the hard of hearing network, they have their own chances for their gathering of individuals. They have schools, social exercises, occupations, and types of correspondence no doubt. Hard of hearing evaluation schools and universities are everywhere throughout the nation. One of the better-realized schools is Gallaudet University. As per Oliver Sacks, â€Å"Gallaudet is the main aesthetic sciences school for the hard of hearing on the planet and is, in addition, the center of the world’s hard of hearing community† starting at 1988 (236). Gallaudet is additionally known for an uproar that occurred in March of 1988. The uproar was to challenge determination of a meeting president for ...

The Crucible Quotes Free Essays

string(83) had been blotched by the town, and he intended to right issues anyway he could. â€Å"He accepted he was being oppressed any place he went, in spite of his earnest attempts to win individuals and God to his side† Miller about Parris and how he doesn’t have a place with the network however has a place with religion pg13 â€Å"To the European world the entire territory was an uncouth wilderness possessed by a faction of fanatics† Belonging to a spot †Miller says this regarding Salem 13 â€Å"Their ideology restricted anything taking after a theater or ‘vain enjoyment’. † Miller says what having a place with a network/gathering can lead individuals to feel/do 14 An occasion from work implied just that they should think significantly more upon prayer† Miller informs us concerning what THEOCRATIC culture required 14 â€Å"This preference for disapproving of different people’s business was respected among the individuals of Salem† Miller clarifies what it implied when individuals had a place with a netw ork 14 â€Å"The edge of the wild was close by†¦and it was loaded with secret for them. † Miller expresses that having a place with such a wild spot might be explanation behind the witch chases 14 â€Å"†¦the Salem society accepted that the virgin woodland was the Devil’s last save, his command post and the stronghold of his last stand†. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Crucible Quotes or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now This again shows Miller accepts that the area assumed a job in their convictions. Features likewise their solid convictions in religion and how religious government controlled their general public. 15 â€Å"†¦their church thought that it was important to deny some other group its freedom† Miller features that you either had a place with their congregation or didn’t have a place by any stretch of the imagination. 15 â€Å"†¦the individuals of Salem built up a religious government, a join of state and strict force whose capacity was to keep the network together† Miller educates us, in the presentation, that Salem was religious and their aims in it 16 †¦the individuals of Salem†¦[wanted] to forestall any sort of disunity that may open it to pulverization by material or ideological enemies† This is, as Miller brings up, the motivation behind their religious society, yet in addition gives purposes behind what happened when individuals didnâ⠂¬â„¢t have a place. 16 â€Å"when one transcends the individual villainy showed, one can just pity them all, similarly as we will be felt sorry for one day† This is a reasonable connection that Miller makes between the witch chases of Salem and the socialist witch chases in mid century America 16 â€Å"a feeling of disarray hangs about him† Stage headings that paint Parris as somebody who doesn’t have a place, from the earliest starting point 17 â€Å"trouble in this house as a rule arrives on her back† Stage bearings of act one disclose to us that Tituba, a slave from Barbados, doesn't have a place in this network since she is extraordinary. 17 â€Å"Go straightforwardly home and talk nothing of unnatural causes† Parris says this to Susanna, featuring his dread of being blamed for not securing their locale, in this manner not having a place with the network. 18 â€Å"Uncle, the gossip of black magic is about; I think you best go down and deny it yourself† Abigail begs Parris to present appropriate reparations. This additionally shows she has incredible force, or possibly figures she does. Parris, alarmed of not being acknowledged in his moderately new network rules against it. 18 â€Å"And what will I say to them? That my little girl and my niece I found moving like barbarian in the woodland? † Parris features his dread of not being acknowledged yet additionally the way that his own family are avoiding acknowledged convention, in this manner not having a place. 19 â€Å"But in the event that you dealt with spirits in the woods I should know it, for clearly my foes will, and they will demolish be with it. † Parris is indeed stressed over failing to be acknowledged. 9 â€Å"There is a group that is vowed to drive me from my pulpit† Parris is evident that he feels an untouchable in his own locale. The people group he ought to viably be head of seeing as it is religious and he is a reverend. 19 â€Å"I saw Tituba waving her arms over the fire when I went ahead you. For wh at reason would she say she was doing that? † Parris questions the force Tituba needs to change the young ladies since she isn’t trusted and is an outcast. 19 â€Å"She were influencing like a stupid mammoth over that fire! † Parris shouts that not exclusively is Tituba a pariah, she is likewise now contrasted with being a creature. 20 She generally sings her Barbados tunes, and we move. † Abigail gets on rapidly and understands that Tituba can without much of a stretch be accused for any thoughtless activities since she is as of now viewed as an untouchable. Likewise shows that Abigail is manipulative and that she is the pioneer of the friend gathering of young ladies. 20 â€Å"I ask you feel the heaviness of truth upon you, for the present my ministry’s in question, my service and maybe your cousin’s life. † Parris claims to religion, the main thing he has a place with really, and afterward fears for his daughter’s life as well as him losing face in the network. 20 I have battled here three long a very long time to twist these resolved individuals to me, and now, a few seconds ago when some great regard is ascending for me in the area, you bargain my character. † Parris is evident that the main thing that really concerns him is notoriety, name and being in control. Not in any case his daughter’s life appears to be significant. 20 â€Å"I would not be her slave†¦I won't dark my face for any of them! † The juxtapositioning of shading here features that Tituba is a pariah in this network. 20 â€Å"†¦the Devil’s contact is heavier than debilitated. It’s demise, y’know, it’s passing drivin’ into them, forked and hoofed. Mrs Putnam implores on people’s fears of the fallen angel 21 â€Å"Thomas, I supplicate you, jump not to black magic. I realize that you †you in particular, Thomas, could ever wish so awful a charge laid upon me. â⠂¬  Parris, froze that the Putnams, individuals with incredible impact, will destroy him. 22 â€Å"They will yell me out of Salem for such defilement in my home. † Again, Parris is stressed over being an outcast and losing face. 22 â€Å"Thomas Putnam felt that his own name and the respect of his family had been blotched by the town, and he intended to right issues anyway he could. You read The Crucible Quotes in classification Article models Miller adds in the show and expresses that even Putnam stressed over being a pariah 23 â€Å"So it isn't unexpected to locate that numerous allegations against individuals are in the penmanship of Thomas Putnam†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Putnam, as Miller clarifies, chose to battle out first as opposed to have any doubts land on him, against his name. 23 â€Å"Tituba realizes how to address the dead, Mr Parris. † Mrs Putnam, likewise alongside Abigail, knows to put fault on the one genuine pariah †Tituba. 23 â€Å"Oh Abigail, what app ropriate installment for my cause! Presently I am fixed. Parris, not stressed exclusively over his daughter’s life/passing however that his notoriety is finished. 24 â€Å"They will topple me with this! † Again, Parris is stressed over being at long last cast out of the general public/network 24 â€Å"I have no response for that swarm. † Use of select language â€Å"that† isolates Parris from the remainder of the network 24 â€Å"Let you strike out against the Devil, and the town will favor you for it! They’re hungry for your promise, Mister! † Putnam, utilizing his impact, begs Parris to express something to the network. He is likewise insightful enough to acknowledge he ought to supplicate on Parris’ dread of avoidance. 4/25 â€Å"I’ll lead them in a song, yet let you don't utter a word of black magic yet. I won't examine it. † Parris as leader of the religious society. 25 â€Å"Listen, presently; on the off chance th at they be addressing us, disclose to them we moved †I let him know as much as of now. † Abigail is currently driving the companion bunch †giving orders. 25 â€Å"What’ll we do? The town is out! The entire country’s talkin’ black magic! They’ll be callin’ us witches, Abby! † Mary Warren shows that she is alarmed of the results of going outside of the community’s fundamental conventions/culture and that she is attempting to conflict with Abigail, ineffectively 25 Abby we’ve got to tell†¦witchery’s a hangin’ error†¦you’ll just be whipped for dancin’† Mary Warren attempts to utilize high modular language to persevere against the leader of the friend gathering, again featuring her dread. 26 â€Å"Oh, you’re an incredible one for lookin’ aren’t you Mary Warren? What an extraordinary peeping mental fortitude you have! † Conflict among Abigail and Mary Warren †putting her down and attempting to cast her out of her friend gathering. Makes Mary Warren need to satisfy her/prevail upon her once more, to remain with them. It’s more secure that way. 26 â€Å"BETTY: You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t reveal to him that! ABIGAIL: Betty, you never state that again! You will never †BETTY: †¦you drank an appeal to slaughter Goody Proctor. † The contention in the friend bunch 26 â€Å"Now look you. Every one of you. We moved. What's more, Tituba summoned Ruth Putnam’s dead sisters. Also, that's it in a nutshell. What's more, mark this. Let both of you inhale a word, or the edge of a word, about different things, and I will come to you operating at a profit of some horrible night and I will bring a pointy figuring that will shiver you. † The principle danger that Abigail uses to remain responsible for the friend gathering and have individuals dread being an untouchable. 26 I can make you wi sh you had never observed the sun go down! † Again, Abigail takes steps to accomplish her motivation, and have individuals dread conflicting with her. 2

Setting in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart - Literature Essay Samples

Perhaps one of the most influential elements of literature, a setting may potentially dictate the plotline of a story, establishing culture, tradition, and a backstory. Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart sees an African world that largely revolves around the geographical location of Nigeria; this agricultural society serves as the vast foundation for a polytheistic religion and a reverence for the land itself. Not only are the values of the community of Umuofia meaningfully constructed upon this locational guideline, but the very essence of the protagonist, Okonkwo, and his unparalleled mindset, originates from this venerable attitude. In turn, the author himself, Chinua Achebe, brilliantly shares a traditional culture that is inherently dependent on the land itself, and how it inevitably leads to a clash of civilization where things truly â€Å"Fall Apart†. Chinua Achebe attempts, and succeeds, to share a unique African culture that is inevitably and blatantly based on an agricultural society. Within this culture, the great value of yams, palm oil, and the kola nut are demonstrated as forms of wealth. In the first chapter of the book, Okonkwo is described as, â€Å"still young[,] but he had won fame as the greatest wrestler in the nine villages. He was a wealthy farmer and had two barns full of yams, and had just married his third wife† (Achebe 3), which shows that his wealth is accompanied by his status as a farmer, and the amount of yams he possesses. Thus, the high social standing of an individual is dictated by the amount of land he possesses, and the fruitfulness of his agricultural labor. Because the weather and climate serves as a key defining factor in one’s economic prosperity, a polytheistic religion revolving around the elements of nature prevails as well. A fear of the gods of nature are instilled within the me mbers of this community, ultimately affecting the very meaning of life: to please the gods for one’s own welfare. This strength of culture and value results in the creation of the protagonist, whose very ambitions would be rendered obsolete and worthless without the underlying culture that is made possible by this land. From the onset of the novel, Okonkwo establishes himself as a man of uncontested strength. He strives to the fullest to become the very opposite of what his father once was: a man who was a â€Å"failure† in Okonkwo’s eyes. What constitutes as â€Å"failure†? In the context of this novel, Okonkwo’s father is poor and lacks the wealth that is measured in yams. This very wealth is only made possible by the ability of the land to produce yams. When Unoka, Okonkwo’s father, consulted a priestess back in the day, he mourns of his misery, â€Å"I also kill a cock at the shrine of Ifejioku, the god of yams. I clear the bush and set fire to it when it is dry. I sow the yams when the first rain has fallen, and stake them when the young tendrils appear [] when a man is at peace with his gods and his ancestors, his harvest will be good or bad according to the strength of his arm† (Achebe 6). The display of sacrifice towards the god of yams shows the omn ipresence of their religion. Moreover, the Umuofian community avoids angering the gods at all costs and makes their fear blatant. When Okonkwo beats his wife during the Week of Peace, he is reprimanded, but not for the assumed reasons of his abuse. Okonkwo is forced to repent, to prevent his wrongdoing in spurring the gods to unleash their wrath on the community as a whole. This demonstrates a seemingly interconnected nature of each and every individual for the welfare of the whole tribe, in efforts to preserve the very essence of the land and the life that reaps benefit and wealth from it. Thus a clashing of two vastly different cultures leads to the inevitable downfall of Umuofia when the Christian missionaries make their long-lived and vastly detrimental impact on an already thriving society. Without the origin of an agricultural society, the European missionaries do not understand the greatness of a culture that is established upon foreign roots, as demonstrated by an interaction between Reverend Smith and Oberieka. The Christian missionary is unable to understand this polytheistic religion and ways of life; had he been brought up in this physical environment, he would not have disregarded and demeaned the spiritual essence of nature as foolish. Thus it is noted that as Umuofia is located in Nigeria, the missionaries originate from Europe. The outcomes of these contrasting settings are on opposite sides of the spectrum. Achebe’s very intent is founded upon the greatness of a culture that is ultimately destroyed by foreign powers who are unable to initiate any form of cultural diffusion. He details on this potent destruction, and how it destroys Okonkwo’s spirit and character at the end, rendering him hopeless and to his untimely death. This country setting of yams and gods of nature ultimately sets a unique warrior culture that Achebe effectively shares, justly glorifying a unique African community that is faithful at no ends to its very origins.

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Symbolic References in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path

Symbolism is used in many ways and writers use symbolism to â€Å"enhance their writing.† It can give their work â€Å"more richness and color and can make the meaning of the work deeper.† In literary work the actions of the characters, words, action, place, or event has a deeper meaning in the context of the whole story. The reader needs to look see the little things like a dove symbolizes peace, or like the red rose stands for romance. Mostly everything can have a symbolism meaning to it. For instance the flag symbolizes freedom and the stars represent the states. Even some signs are symbols like when a beaker has a skull with a bones placed like an ‘x’ behind it symbolizes that it’s toxic or bad. When people see the red light when driving that’s†¦show more content†¦Not only is Phoenix selflessness she has endurance, in the article â€Å"A Worn Path† Analysis at Yahoo Inc. it explains that â€Å"she falls, gets back up and keeps on toward the goal of getting her grandson’ medicine†, even though she could have gotten killed she knew that her grandson needed her and she was the only one that could care for him. Nothing was going to stop her from getting to where she was going. Phoenix also symbolizes a mythical bird; she has â€Å"the regenerative qualities of the bird are seen in Phoenix’s determination each time she suffers a setback,† Like the bird how it gets reborn again Phoenix keeps on getting up from the challenges and keeps on going just like getting reborn again. That is why the author named the main character Phoenix because she is like the mythical bird the phoenix in many ways even the description of Phoenix gives symbolism of her being like the bird. Phoenix wears a red rag to tie her hair and running underneath her skin â€Å"a golden color† [welty1274]. The image of the bird is shown in Phoenix’s face â€Å"the two knobs of her cheeks were illumi nated by a yellow burning under the dark† [Welty 1274]. Her golden tone skin represents the fiery golden red feathers the bird has. Symbolism is also found in the white hunter he symbolizes racism. The website of Writing Rock declares that â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedDecoding The Symbolism Used in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1276 Words   |  6 PagesToday we will be talking about the different literary references used throughout Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†. I will explain and decode different techniques used by the author throughout her story. The story is of an old southern African American woman, named Phoenix Jackson, making her way into to town to pick up her grandsons medication from the doctor’s office. But this is no normal old woman. She cannot see and is picking her way with a cane to make her way across a barrage of obstaclesRead MoreA Worn Path841 Words   |  4 PagesA â€Å"A Worn Path â€Å" ENG 125 Introduction to Literature Instructor: Katie Newbanks 4/25/2011 The Worn Path In the short story, â€Å" A Worn Path â€Å" written by Eudora Welty it can be interpreted that Phoenix Jackson is suffering from dementia or some other form of mental illness, and that her grandson that she so lovingly speaks of has been deceased for some time. The analytical approach that was used to enhanceRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1096 Words   |  5 Pagesjust weren’t advancing economically. A Worn Path by Eudora Welty is a story about an old African American woman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a journey along a path with manifold of dangerous objects. Phoenix Jackson takes the journey thru the path because her grandson drank liquid named lye and got sick from his throat. Phoenix Jackson makes her journey thru the path to go to the doctor’s office to get some medicine. As Phoenix Jackson walks thru the path she encounters a lot of animals like foxesRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesA Worn Path by Eudora Welty Copyright Notice  ©1998−2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storageRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesA Worn Path by Eudora Welty Copyright Notice  ©1998−2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license.  ©2007 eNotes.com LLC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storageRead MoreThe Journey: Symbolism of â€Å"a Worn Path† and â€Å"the Road Not Taken† Final2218 Words   |  9 PagesThe Journey: Symbolism of â€Å"A Worn Path† and â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Expedition. Voyage. Excursion. Pilgrimage. There are many words that are used to describe the word journey but what does it really mean? Many people consider the word journey as merely a distance in which they have traveled or will eventually travel; often they fail to recognize that there can be great meaning beyond each step that is taken. Too often, people become more focused on the destination rather than the processRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost and A Worn Path, by Eudora Welty2347 Words   |  10 Pagesforms. For this assignment, I have chosen to compare and contrast two separate literary works from â€Å"Journey into Literature† (Clugston, 2010), with similar themes. . The poems I will discuss are â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost and â€Å"A Worn Path†, by Eudora Welty. I have chosen these works over the others in our course text because they both offer a deeper look at life, from an outside perspective, as the reader looks into the lives of the main characters and relates with the journeys they areRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path854 Words   |  4 Pages Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path portrays an elderly woman, Phoenix, who endures a regular, strenuous journey into town to receive medicine for her grandson from a charitable pharmacy. She encounters difficulty aroused by nature and disapproving townspeople but triumphs and succeeds her goal. The use of characterization and symbolism creates A Worn Path by representing a strong and significant protagonist, as well as offering a symbolic meaning of life and courage when faced with love. The short storyRead MoreSymbolism : A Warn Path, And Shirley Jackson s `` The Lottery ``1636 Words   |  7 Pagesexpress different elements of their work. Katherine Mansfield the author of â€Å"Miss Brill,† Eudora Welty author of the short story â€Å"A Warn Path,† and Shirley Jackson author of â€Å"The Lottery† all use symbolism wonderfull y in their work. They all use symbolism in a different way but they all use this process to help describe a deeper thought or meaning behind elements of their work. Symbolism is putting a symbolic meaning behind a natural object thoughts or facts. This process is used by a lot of the mostRead MoreLiterature Compare and Contrast1948 Words   |  8 Pagesdeeper into the symbolization and the descriptive language in the writing to develop a further connection with the piece. â€Å"A Worn Path, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and â€Å"Used to Live Here† are three literary pieces that share the same theme but, have different writing styles. The theme behind these literary pieces suggest that the choices and decisions we make, along with our paths in life have barring on how it will end but we control our destiny. Each literary piece tells of a single journey for example

Case Chataux free essay sample

1. How does the Bordeaux wine distribution system work? Who benefits and how? there are 400 hundred merchants in the Bordeaux, who taste the wine first to get the information about the surface, volume and harvest. Then they provide with the information the largest buyers. So merchants get the primeur cheaper, but then chataux can ask for higher process on the bottled markets, which the merchants accept, to get the primeur price for the next year. the merchants allocated wine to their buyers. this makes wine available to their customers. From this system profits averybody. For wine industry it’s goo because they get the payment yearlier and they do not have to worry about distribution. As for merchants they are as well paid early. Customers benefit because they get a high quantity. 2. How is price set? Trace the process from the sale of the first tranche to the sale of a bottle in a wine store for ,200. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Chataux or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why is the process so complicated? 3. Is Chateau Margaux a luxury brand or a connoisseur’s brand? There is a wide distribution of small amounts of this wine all over the world.This creates a scarsity on the market and helps for raising the price. This is done for the reason to make customer feel that this is not widely available. That makes sense that this is a luxury brand according to experts for its high quality. 4. What problems face Corinne Mentzelopoulos? What, if anything, should she do? should she extend into the mass market or maintain their exclusivity? In order to draw a conclusion one must investigate alternative ways of expanding, marketing and distributing her brand. There is an idea to begin mass marketing with a new wine brand. The idea would be to use different grapes in order to be more accessible to the younger generation. Some of the issues with this suggestion are: maintaining the exclusivity of the original brand, ensuring that consumers still feel motivated to pay the higher price point, and they will also now need a distributor, marketing team, and an ability to focus on more than one brand of wine. In this particular case, the Margaux business has a close-tie who is very familiar with the distributorship and marketing of wine.At the same time Chateau de Margaux should purchase inexpensive Bordeaux region land where they can produce 1million bottles per year. These bottles should be used to penetrate the European, North American and South American markets, as suggested by Vivek Kochikar, associate vice president and principal researcher, Infosys Technologies. These markets are easier to penetrate and lack the ability to as easily effect the reputation of the Grand Vin as the demand for mid-range win es is higher.

Metallica †free essay sample

Five years after the release of â€Å"St. Anger,† thrash metal band Metallica has released a new album, â€Å"Death Magnetic.† When making it, Metallica chose to go back to their roots and create an album that was thrash metal, rather than heavy metal or hard rock. The biggest improvements this CD has made over â€Å"St. Anger† are a better snare drum that does not sound like a tin can, the inclusion of guitar  ­solos, and vastly improved  ­production. Metallica has chosen to play more complex, multi-layered songs, as seen in their 1988 release â€Å"†¦ And Justice For All.† The album is also structured like their 1980s releases and even includes their first instrumental in 20 years. Most of the songs are fast, but they never get to the point where they become just noise. The first single, â€Å"The Day that Never Comes,† follows the same formula as their 1980s power ballads, starting slowly and melodically, but finishing fast and strong. We will write a custom essay sample on Metallica – or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the first album that bass player Robert Trujillo has contributed on, and his influence shows. Trujillo plays a style akin to Cliff Burton, Metallicas former bassist who was tragically killed in a bus accident over 20 years ago, who was arguably the most influential member of Metallica during the 1980s. â€Å"Death Magnetic† also represents another first for Metallica: Each member of the band contributed to every song. In the end this is a vast improvement over â€Å"St. Anger† and shows that even after 25 years, Metallica still has what it takes to make fast, aggressive music.

The Roaring 20s and the 30s essays

The Roaring 20's and the 30's essays The 1920s was the decade in which people called the Roaring Twenties because a lot of changes were occurring nation wide that affected everybody everywhere around the nation. Immigration has just kicked up with its Second wave of immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe. They migrated over from Europe to look for better economic opportunities fro their families, but what they got, which was very often, was strong feelings of prejudice and nativism from Americans. This period in time also brought forth the Model T Ford, $5.00 workday, the first intercontinental flight, movies and other scientific advancements. The introduction of the Model T Ford was very crucial because the styles of transportation at this time was inefficient and produced a lot of biological wastes. Henry Ford was able to produce a vehicle capable of traveling at greater speeds and benefited the economy because the vehicles required gasoline, oil, and steel in order to be produced. It is often see n as a period of great advance as the nation became urban and commercial (Calvin Coolidge declared that America's business was business). The decade is also seen as a period of rising intolerance and isolation: chastened by the first world war, historians often point out that Americans retreated into a provincialism evidenced by the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the anti radical hysteria of the Palmer raids, restrictive immigration laws, and prohibition. Overall, the decade is often seen as a period of great contradiction: of rising optimism and deadening cynicism, of increasing and decreasing faith, of great hope and great despair. Put differently, historians usually see the 1920s as a decade of serious cultural conflict. When America joined the Great War in 1917, it tilted the balance against the Central Powers (Germany and her allies), because of her large population and industrial might. When the war ended, President Wilson...

Definition of crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of crime - Essay Example Modern societies, therefore, describe criminal activities as offenses against the state or public. Failure by the public to observe social order can result to the governing authority imposing formalized and stricter measures of ensuring social control (Tadros, 2005). State agents rely on legal and institutional machinery in compelling the public to conform to desired codes, while punishing or attempting to reform individuals who cannot conform. There are two models that the society uses in determining various acts of crime, with regard to the established government criminal system. The two models are crime control and due process models (Cengage Learning).Crime control model recommends repression against all forms of criminal conducts. The model identifies repression as the most important component of criminal process, and should be embraced by the governing authority (Persak, 2007). Criminal process should be efficient during screening of suspects, determination of guilt as well as proper disposition of persons with criminal record. Looking at the due process model, it appears as an impediment to the crime control model. Due process model has successive stages aimed at providing impediments against carrying the accused farther along the criminal justice system. Due process ideology is deeply based on the law structure. While crime control model recommends the use of investigation to screen suspects, due process opposes th e use of investigation by claiming that human agents are prone to errors (Cengage Learning). Conclusions from observations can be affected by emotion arousing events while personal confessions made by a suspect under police custody can be as a result of physical and psychological coercion. There are various theories connected with application of criminal law. Different situations present a basis of assumptions concerning the theory to be applied (Renzo, 2013). For instance, situations can be

HSE Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HSE Management Paper - Essay Example Oil refining process releases numerous emissions in the atmosphere causing air pollution. Industrial accidents such as fire and explosions are also rampant in oil and gas industry. Environmental and safety concerns make oil refineries be located far from urban areas. Corrosion is a chief problem faced throughout the process line of hydrocarbon refining process. Corrosion refers to deterioration of metal components such as pipes that convey the petroleum products. In the refining process, corrosion occurs in forms, such as pitting corrosion from water droplets and stress corrosion from SO2 attack. Periodic cleaning and use of corrosion resistant metals prevents and controls corrosion. Unchecked corrosion leads to oil leaks and spillages that are environmental hazards. Where gas cannot be stored, it poses a risk of fire or explosion. Flaring and venting ensure safe disposal of hydrocarbon gases. Venting refers to the discharge of gases into the environment in the oil production process . Through venting, toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide are released to the environment resulting to fatalities. Venting releases greenhouse gases such as methane leading to global warming. On the other hand, Flaring refers to burning of natural gas in the routine of gas and oil production process. Carbon Fraying produces carbon dioxide predominantly. Both flaring and venting have great environmental impact on climate through global warming (Haddow and Bullock, 2006, p45; Heidersbach, R and Heidersbach, B, 2011, p260). Process Safety Management (PSM) is proactive identification, mitigation, correction or prevention of release of poisonous chemicals that could be caused by failures in processes, procedures or equipment. It ensures that process facilities such as oil and gas plants, chemical plants, and offshore platforms operate safely. Process oriented reactions such as corrosion, runaway chemical reactions and unintended mixing of hazardous chemicals are liable for release of toxi c gases, explosions and fires. The need to reduce safety incidents caused by hazardous materials and process upset, and the need to meet safety regulations drives PSM programs. The aim of PSM is to aid employees to mitigate episodic release of hazardous chemicals that would be catastrophic to the workplace and surrounding community (National Research Council. 2011, pp6-14). Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is the most important step in Process safety management (PSM). PHA seeks to identify and analyse the significance of potential hazards caused by handling or processing highly hazardous chemicals. It analyses causes and significance of fires, explosions, flammable toxic release and spills of hazardous chemicals. Focus is on factors that may affect the process such as human actions, instrumentation utilities and equipment in use (Skelton, 1997, pp 172-174). Written operating procedures must be implemented and must be consistent with process safety information. They prove clear instruct ions for undertaking the covered processes. Each task and procedure relating to the covered process should be clear, consistent and well communicated to the employees. Steps in every operating phase include initial startup, normal operations, temporary operations, emergency shutdown, among others. Operation procedures should also include operating limits such as, consequence of deviation, and steps required to correct the deviation or

Men and Women in Business Society Essay Example for Free

Men and Women in Business Society Essay It is said that in nowadays we live in a modern and developing world where people have unlimited opportunities for development.Widely supported statement is the one which says that the individual success fully depends on the individual abilities and skills.Although it is true,still there are some prejudices which reflect on us and our choice.In our more tolerant community(compared to the past) discrimination is unacceptable but unfortunatelly it still exists. More particularly we will pay attention to one popular belief in the sphere of business according to which men are better leaders than women. Where does this statement come from?What are the differences between businessmen and businesswomen?We will compare men and women in the business society and we will try to find out the truth. It is not a secret that men and women have some significant misunderstandings in their way of thinking and character. As it is said-Men are from Mars and Women from Venus. But lets take a closer look at what exactly show the surveys and statistics.According to them in tensed situations men are more cold-blooded while women are subordinated to emotions.Women are more insecure and prefer to do the things on their own,while men would rather give the task to someone else.That is why because unlike women,men feel comfortable giving orders to other people.Men prefer using competition to cooperation,in the contrary women prefer cooperation to competition because women really appreciate their social contacts on their working place.In difficult moment men accept that obstacle as ‘’problem-solution’’while women-‘’situation-reaction’’.For men taking risks is a question of profits. They ask themselves-‘’What will I win taking this risk?’’For women taking risks is a question of sacrifice or ‘’What is the price of this risk?’’, ‘’What will I have to sacrifice taking it?’’Women accept success as happy concurrence of circumstances while men in case of success take merit to themselves. From all mentioned above we come to a conclusion that women are more emotional and they pay more attention to their feelings-Business as a game of interests does not tolerate such behavior. That is why the sensibility of women and their subordination to criticism are perceived as disadvantage. In spite of all statistics and statements of psychologists my personal opinion is that we do not have to make a difference between a man and a woman. In spite of all supporting the thesis that men are better business leaders we-women know that the best way, in which men can obey to the women, is to remain them to belive that they are the leaders.So weather men are better business leaders or we women let them(in purpose) believe so is still a question with no answer.

Learning from Mother Teresa Essay -- Graduate College Admissions Essay

Learning from Mother Teresa       Mother Teresa is the most important peace hero of the 20th Century. Many have focused on bringing peace by political means, both violent and non-violent. Though these means may bring temporary relief, they treat only the symptoms of violence. Mother Teresa addressed the root of all violence which is in the human heart. She believed in an active peacemaking and taught that "works of love are works of peace." (Collopy 14) Her power came from three things: a radical understanding of peace, unwavering devotion to victims of all types of violence, and the beautiful example of her life.    Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Albania, in 1910 (Vardey xx). In 1928 she joined the Loretto order to work as a teacher in India. Her true calling came in 1946 when, according to Mother Teresa, "I was traveling to Darjeeling by train, when I heard the voice of God... The message was clear. I must leave the convent to help the poor by living among them" (Sebba 46). Mother Teresa left the confines of the Loretto order to begin her own ministry. In 1950 she received papal permission to found a new religious order, the Missionaries of Charity (Associated Press, Highlights). Through the Missionaries of Charity, Mother Teresa brought true peace and hope to millions.    Love is the most fundamental peace. Peace that comes from love is not simply the absence of conflict, it is active, living, and engages our truest selves. It is this positive peace that was Mother Teresa's radical vision. For Mother Teresa, peace was so much more than political stability. Nations do not suffer, individuals do. Nations cannot be at peace unless individuals are at peace. Mother Theresa said, "The whole... ...h all you meet. Remember, Works of love are works of peace." (Collopy 14). By valuing every human being, by finding Jesus even in the poorest of the poor, Mother Teresa was a hero because she gave peacemaking love to all she met, and taught others to do likewise by her example.    Works Cited    Associated Press. Mother Teresa in Her Own Words. 1997 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/mother.teresa/quotes/index.html Highlights of Mother Teresa's Life. 1997 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/mother.teresa/chronology/index.html CNN. "Saint of the Gutters". 1997 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/mother.teresa/impact/index.html Collopy, Michael. Works of Love are Works of Peace. San Francisco: Ignatius, 1996. Sebba, Anne. Mother Teresa. New York: Doubleday, 1997. Vardey, Lucinda. Mother Teresa-A Simple Path. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.

Men in Othello Essay

It has been observed that men in Othello are portrayed as being incapable of selfless love. Discuss the ways in which this could be regarded as a feminist play. â€Å"Othello† is a tragedy written in 1603 by William Shakespeare, whose writing reflected his concerns with the universal theme of love. It deals with the love between a father and a daughter, a husband and wife and in addition also the relationship between a man and a prostitute. The main focus for this theme is the portrayal of men and their inability to love selflessly. In response Shakespeare’s female characters represent a direct challenge to dominant patriarchal authority. Consequently â€Å"Othello† can be regarded from a modern critical perspective as a feminist play. In â€Å"Othello† Shakespeare presents women as the victims of patriarchal society. Brabantio, a Venetian Senator, promoting control and order, sees Desdemona as a passive goddess and his property, â€Å"Stol’n from me, and corrupted†. These words reveal his views on women and their status. Iago’s reference to Desdemona’s elopement â€Å"you’re robbed† highlights the similarities in the way that both characters treat women. Iago insinuates that Brabantio’s property has been taken away from him. When Brabantio admonishes Roderigo stating, â€Å"My daughter is not for thee† the audience begin to understand that Desdemona is not only his daughter but she is also his possession. Clearly Jacobean England would sympathise with Brabantio viewing the elopement as an act against patriarchy and denying a father the right to marry off his daughter as he sees fit. A modern audience however would find it difficult to identify with a character who is materialistic in his attitude towards his daughter. He describes Desdemona as a â€Å"jewel† which shows that he sees her as a passive goddess who has been apprehended by a â€Å"thief†. The Duke deals with the elopement with restraint representing a judicious state. He responds to Brabantio with rationality † This is no proof† and urges Brabantio to reconcile himself to the marriage. A less positive interpretation of the Duke however might argue that private affairs do not concern him; his priorities lie with stopping the Turks from invading Cyprus. Venetian patriarchal society can be seen as one that patronises women and defines them in terms of their physical beauty â€Å"the guttered rocks opon men will fall†, expressing the idea that beautiful women are possessed by the natural elements. This society closely resembles Jacobean England. Emilia is arguably the voice of feminism in the play. She deals with reality unlike Desdemona, and voices a practical view of men, â€Å"They are all but stomachs†¦.They eat us hungerly and when they are full They belch us†, presenting the idea that most men show their true colours after a few years of marriage. At the start of the play Emilia is ostensibly loyal and obedient, however, this changes and by the end of the play she becomes the voice of reason that stops Iago’s evil progress. Emilia believes that women are individuals who have desires just as men, showing her realistic approach to life. She is not afraid to voice her opinions and in turn dies for her faith in womanhood, â€Å"Let husbands know Their wives have sense like them†. Patriarchal tyranny is explored as Emilia accuses men of â€Å"Throwing restraint upon us†, showing that women are cut off from freedom. Emilia teaches Desdemona that letting men realise that a woman is in control could potentially end in devastation. Whilst talking to Desdemona, Emilia shifts from prose to blank verse to deliver a serious message, â€Å"It is their husbands’ fault if wives do fall†, highlights men’s negligence and revealing her realistic view of adultery. To a modern audience she would be perceived as a pragmatic role model for women, however in a Jacobean society, Emilia would be seen as trying to encourage women to go against their husbands. Shakespeare conveys a class difference between Emilia and Desdemona through their speech. When Emilia, Iago and Desdemona discuss Othello’s description of Desdemona, â€Å"that cunning whore†. Desdemona can barely utter the word â€Å"whore†, conveying her innocence. Emilia shows signs of authorative experience whilst comparatively Desdemona is presented as being naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and sheltered; the product of a Venetian elite that protects its women, due to social class. It is Desdemona’s naivety that makes her vulnerable whereas Emilia is able to stand up to Iago at the end at a price. A feminist reader would be interested in Emilia’s fate. In Jacobean society women were seen as child bearers and objects of male desire. Shakespeare has incorporated this idea in the role of Bianca, a vulnerable woman who like Desdemona is abused by men. â€Å"I must be circumstanced†, this shows Bianca to be a woman who accepts the conditions placed upon her by men. Sandra Clark at a sovereign lecture argued, â€Å"Her treatment at the hands of a misogynistic society reflects more broadly how women are victimed by men’s sexual hypocrisy†. Clark tries to convey the idea that in Jacobean society women were judged on a reputation that could easily be distorted by men. She suffers at the hands of social hypocrisy, as it is the men who visit her that condemn her â€Å"She’ll rail in the streets else†. Bianca is accused of killing Cassio as her appearance â€Å"gastness of her eye† is used by society as an admission of her guilt, however, due to her status and lack of power she cannot claim her innocence. Cassio does not want society to associate him with Bianca as he says that he does not want Othello to see him â€Å"womaned†, implying her insignificance as a woman in Venetian society and revealing disparaging attitudes. In â€Å"Othello†, Bianca is the weakest woman so it is ironic that she is the sole woman survivor. It can be construed that she survives because she is marginalized to the point of being completely insignificant. Infact she does not pose a threat to anyone. Desdemona, however poses a threat to white patriarchal society, as through miscegenation all heirs would be polluted and therefore towards the end of the play she is killed. Emilia is a threat to Iago’s plan and challenges his anti feminist perspective. Shakespeare in his writing seems to be saying that those women who voice their opinions and do wrong by their husbands are annihilated. In a patriarchal society â€Å"women are regulated to the bottom of the social hierarchy as weak and faithless† (Felicity Currie). According to the Jacobean chain of being the devil worked its way up the social hierarchy, through women hence the intense fear of witches. Women who were rebellious in a patriarchal society were seen as being under the influence of the devil. On many occasions Othello calls Desdemona a â€Å"devil†. Her name has connotations of the word demon. Ironically neither one is a devil, the real devil is Iago. Desdemona is a complex character. Audiences across history have responded to her representation of womanhood very differently. Desdemona appears to be both submissive and independent. When confronting her father it could be argued that Desdemona is given a voice, â€Å"What would you, â€Å"Desdemona†. Brabantio portrays his daughter as being innocent and submissive, â€Å"Is there not charms By which the property of youth and maidhood May be abused†. However, we see a dramatic change as she openly declares that she is ready for sexual intercourse, â€Å"The rites for which I love him are bereft me†. Desdemona is assertive when verbally attacked by Othello. â€Å"I took you for that cunning whore of Venice†. In contrast Desdemona’s portrayal of herself â€Å"No, as I am a Christian†¦Ã¢â‚¬  expresses a conventional Christian perspective implying that adultery is wrong. Desdemona cannot understand why a woman would want to commit adultery. She is far from Iago’s sexual stereotype of Venetian women as â€Å"subtle whores†, rather, she plays an active feminine role as she is decribed as â€Å"half the wooer†. A modern day feminist might argue that this behaviour is too obedient. Desdemona appears to be naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve as she defends her husband when he strikes her. At first she says, â€Å"I have not deserved this†. Othello’s behaviour is out of character and as a result of Iago’s insinuating words. Desdemona thereafter accepts the physical abuse and defends her husband. Lodovico analyses the situation and states, â€Å"Truly, an obedient lady†. A modern audience would find this hard to comprehend. Shakespeare presents Desdemona as a woman who is thought of highly in the Venetian state. She is seen to be making her own choices but also appears to be a victim. Through the character of Cassio Shakespeare provides a critique of the discourse of courtly love. Cassio is a courteous and noble character who idealises Desdemona. In Act 2, Scene 1 Cassio speaks in blank verse. He calls Desdemona â€Å"th’ essential vesture of creation†, placing her on a pedestool and suggesting that her beauty is without equal and worthy of all praise. Desdemona is praised as being divinely blessed with â€Å"the grace of heaven†. He therefore can be described as the voice of patriarchal orthodoxy using materialistic imagery and hyperbolic language to describe Desdemona as â€Å"the riches of the ship†. This imagery objectifies and idealises Desdemona as a physical possession. Patriarchal orthodoxy does not allow women to be judged upon their achievements or their own subjectivity, instead her beauty gives her status. Cassio represents this reductiveness. In Cassio’s underlying lack of respect for Bianca, â€Å"Throw your vile guesses in the devil’s teeth†, Shakespeare uses a technique where the sub plot echoes the main plot and presents sexual hypocrisy through Cassio. His undoubtedly high opinion of Desdemona means that other women cannot be her equivalent. Women, according to Cassio are either angels worshipped from afar or whores marginalized by respectable society. He is ashamed to be seen publicly with Bianca, yet he still sleeps with her. He ridicules Iago’s suggestion of marrying Bianca, â€Å"Do not think it so wholesome† (saying that it would be morally tainting) because like Othello he expects his wife to be â€Å"angelic†. Iago is employed by Shakespeare to dramatise misogynistic attitudes towards women. This becomes evident through his use of chauvinistic language â€Å"guinea-hen†. His belief is that all women are prostitutes who will betray their husbands eventually. On many occasions Iago dehumanises Emilia referring to her as a â€Å"strumpet†. His sexual jealousy leads him to believe that Othello slept with his wife, â€Å"I hate the Moor, And it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets He’s done my office†. Iago speaks in prose to express his antifeminist view of women, which makes the tone of his opinions more down to earth. Upon reading the play the audience can see how cynical Iago is about women and how they employ their beauty to their advantage. He uses derogative terminology, â€Å"players in your housewifery† to imply that women are prostitutes and believes women’s humanity consists of lechery and faithlessness. Iago does not share the impractical antithetical view of Desdemona voiced by Cassio. He believes, â€Å"The wine she drinks is made of grapes† suggesting that she is human and like all other women. He views her as flawed as a result of her love for the Moor and he cannot comprehend why a wealthy aristocratic white woman would choose to marry a black man. There is a clear contrast between Cassio’s language of courtly love, â€Å"a most exquisite lady† and Iago’s colloquial language, â€Å"whore†. The power of Desdemona and Othello’s relationship lies in the couple’s love for one another, yet Desdemona’s influence over Othello is not acceptable to the misogynistic Iago. He cannot comprehend why Othello has given in to the feminine emotion of love, which he views as a sign of weakness. His perception of love is purely anatomical â€Å"carnal stings†¦a lust of the blood†, therefore he is dismissive of the emotional bonds between women and men. It can be argued that Iago represents the underlying misogyny and racism within liberal Venice. â€Å"Textwise† by Felicity Currie explores this idea and suggests that Iago’s, â€Å"discourse is â€Å"honest† in that it is an expression of dominant ideology, which ensures that the status quo is maintained†. Brabantio and Othello are both easily convinced of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness, therefore Iago appears to voice beliefs held by male society about women. Othello and Desdemona’s relationship does not conform to the expectations of a patriarchal orthodoxy; consequently perhaps Shakespeare holds it up as an ideal against which other relationships should be judged. At the start of this play, the relationship is distinguished as an ideal. It promotes equality and is built on loyalty. This mutual affection is apparent as Othello describes Desdemona as being â€Å"half the wooer†. The reunion of Othello and Desdemona highlights their love, â€Å"o my fair warrior!† and she responds â€Å"My dear Othello†. The equality and balance of power in their relationship appears to be a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade, as when Othello kills Desdemona, he does not permit her to voice a defence. He loses all self-dignity as he pompously suggests that he is killing her for â€Å"all men that were abused†. A positive aspect of the relationship is that both talk movingly about their love for one another in front of a possibly censorious senate, â€Å"How I did thrive in this fair lady’s love†. When Othello asks the senate if Desdemona can come with him to Cyprus, their superficial need for one another can be seen. Othello is perhaps too ready to find Desdemona guilty, Shakespeare suggests, however, that his position as an outsider makes him particularly susceptible to jealousy. Othello was aware of his looks, â€Å"thick lips†, â€Å"the devil†, â€Å"old black ram†, separating him from the white Venetian public. His treatment of Desdemona can be perceived as that of a man who â€Å"loved too well†. In turn Othello becomes insecure causing him to doubt Desdemona to a greater extent. The relationship moves from optimism to pessimism. Desdemona becomes a threat as she is suspected of adultery is just a small step from the sexual independence that she demonstrated in choosing Othello. In a patriarchal society this would be unheard of, therefore Desdemona is seen as a woman who appears to be out of control as suggested by Felicity Currie. Their love was not based on trust, showing that the relationship was probably not as idealistic as the audience would have liked to think. Shakespeare presents Othello as a man who too readily accepted Iago’s antifeminist perspective and then egotistically murdered Desdemona arguing that he was upholding justice, ensuring that she does not abuse other men. Othello’s passionate words change to derogatory language, â€Å"subtle whore†. As Iago makes Othello aware of Desdemona’s power over him, it becomes understandable why he has the need to re-establish power-hence Desdemona’s death. Othello is now in a position where he controls the situation. He reinstates his power as a man by leaving Desdemona feeling vulnerable and frightened. Shakespeare’s female characters do not conform to stereotype. All three women have contrasting attitudes to men. In turn all three are treated differently in society. Desdemona is described as being a â€Å"fair wife†, by Emilia the voice of truth, â€Å"So come my soul to bliss as I speak the truth† and Bianca is the representation of a powerless woman. She is the only female who is denied a voice showing that her silence determines her existence in society and that women are at the disposal of men. The male characters in Othello are incapable of selfless love. Iago is unable to love, stereotyping all women as whores. Conversely, Cassio idealises women as goddesses, however, hypocritically uses prostitutes. Othello’s relationship with Desdemona seems to be based on mutual respect and love, however, we could argue that even he is incapable of putting his own pride before Desdemona. Shakespeare suggests that in Jacobean England women’s position in society was dictated by men and female identity was constructed according to reductive stereotypes. Bibliography * Othello: The New Cambridge Shakespeare: Edited by Norman Sanders * Othello: New Swan Shakespeare: Edited by Gamini Salgado * Introduction to Arden Shakespeare * Othello: â€Å"Textwise† By Felicity Currie * Sovereign education lecture notes: By Sandra Clark * Othello: York Notes Advanced * www.sparknotes.com * www.learn.co.uk * www.teachit.co.uk

Summary Of Rudyard Kipling s The Great Gatsby Essay

They re there, there, there with Earth immortal (Citizens, I give you friendly warning). That the things that truly last when men and times have passed, they are all in Pennsylvania this morning! Rudyard Kipling 1. The Commonwealth They Served The weather was seasonally cold in Pennsylvania’s Capitol late in 1914. On Sunday morning, December 27, the temperature was 1 degree Fahrenheit. This reading was the lowest ever registered in the last month of the year during the almost three-decade history of the Harrisburg weather station. Nevertheless, the cold did not dim the spirit of the holiday season as the Harrisburg Evening Telegraph newspaper cheerfully proclaimed, â€Å"Perfect Christmas Makes City Happy.† During that week Governor John K. Tener, in the last month of his term, released a legislatively mandated report that made history. The Report of the Economy and Efficiency Commission, for one of the very few times in Pennsylvania’s Chronicle, provided the public with a roster of all 5,152 state employees. The release of this document was a key milestone in the Commonwealth’s early 20th-century effort to improve its personnel management practices. By listing names, this document provides an opportunity to recognize the often-unheralded contributions of selected state employees assigned to organizations under the general supervision of the Governor. The register also affords an invaluable chance to appreciate how the offices, bureaus, and divisions make Pennsylvania