The Roaring 20s and the 30s essays

The Roaring 20's and the 30's essays The 1920s was the decade in which people called the Roaring Twenties because a lot of changes were occurring nation wide that affected everybody everywhere around the nation. Immigration has just kicked up with its Second wave of immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe. They migrated over from Europe to look for better economic opportunities fro their families, but what they got, which was very often, was strong feelings of prejudice and nativism from Americans. This period in time also brought forth the Model T Ford, $5.00 workday, the first intercontinental flight, movies and other scientific advancements. The introduction of the Model T Ford was very crucial because the styles of transportation at this time was inefficient and produced a lot of biological wastes. Henry Ford was able to produce a vehicle capable of traveling at greater speeds and benefited the economy because the vehicles required gasoline, oil, and steel in order to be produced. It is often see n as a period of great advance as the nation became urban and commercial (Calvin Coolidge declared that America's business was business). The decade is also seen as a period of rising intolerance and isolation: chastened by the first world war, historians often point out that Americans retreated into a provincialism evidenced by the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the anti radical hysteria of the Palmer raids, restrictive immigration laws, and prohibition. Overall, the decade is often seen as a period of great contradiction: of rising optimism and deadening cynicism, of increasing and decreasing faith, of great hope and great despair. Put differently, historians usually see the 1920s as a decade of serious cultural conflict. When America joined the Great War in 1917, it tilted the balance against the Central Powers (Germany and her allies), because of her large population and industrial might. When the war ended, President Wilson...

Definition of crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Definition of crime - Essay Example Modern societies, therefore, describe criminal activities as offenses against the state or public. Failure by the public to observe social order can result to the governing authority imposing formalized and stricter measures of ensuring social control (Tadros, 2005). State agents rely on legal and institutional machinery in compelling the public to conform to desired codes, while punishing or attempting to reform individuals who cannot conform. There are two models that the society uses in determining various acts of crime, with regard to the established government criminal system. The two models are crime control and due process models (Cengage Learning).Crime control model recommends repression against all forms of criminal conducts. The model identifies repression as the most important component of criminal process, and should be embraced by the governing authority (Persak, 2007). Criminal process should be efficient during screening of suspects, determination of guilt as well as proper disposition of persons with criminal record. Looking at the due process model, it appears as an impediment to the crime control model. Due process model has successive stages aimed at providing impediments against carrying the accused farther along the criminal justice system. Due process ideology is deeply based on the law structure. While crime control model recommends the use of investigation to screen suspects, due process opposes th e use of investigation by claiming that human agents are prone to errors (Cengage Learning). Conclusions from observations can be affected by emotion arousing events while personal confessions made by a suspect under police custody can be as a result of physical and psychological coercion. There are various theories connected with application of criminal law. Different situations present a basis of assumptions concerning the theory to be applied (Renzo, 2013). For instance, situations can be

HSE Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HSE Management Paper - Essay Example Oil refining process releases numerous emissions in the atmosphere causing air pollution. Industrial accidents such as fire and explosions are also rampant in oil and gas industry. Environmental and safety concerns make oil refineries be located far from urban areas. Corrosion is a chief problem faced throughout the process line of hydrocarbon refining process. Corrosion refers to deterioration of metal components such as pipes that convey the petroleum products. In the refining process, corrosion occurs in forms, such as pitting corrosion from water droplets and stress corrosion from SO2 attack. Periodic cleaning and use of corrosion resistant metals prevents and controls corrosion. Unchecked corrosion leads to oil leaks and spillages that are environmental hazards. Where gas cannot be stored, it poses a risk of fire or explosion. Flaring and venting ensure safe disposal of hydrocarbon gases. Venting refers to the discharge of gases into the environment in the oil production process . Through venting, toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide are released to the environment resulting to fatalities. Venting releases greenhouse gases such as methane leading to global warming. On the other hand, Flaring refers to burning of natural gas in the routine of gas and oil production process. Carbon Fraying produces carbon dioxide predominantly. Both flaring and venting have great environmental impact on climate through global warming (Haddow and Bullock, 2006, p45; Heidersbach, R and Heidersbach, B, 2011, p260). Process Safety Management (PSM) is proactive identification, mitigation, correction or prevention of release of poisonous chemicals that could be caused by failures in processes, procedures or equipment. It ensures that process facilities such as oil and gas plants, chemical plants, and offshore platforms operate safely. Process oriented reactions such as corrosion, runaway chemical reactions and unintended mixing of hazardous chemicals are liable for release of toxi c gases, explosions and fires. The need to reduce safety incidents caused by hazardous materials and process upset, and the need to meet safety regulations drives PSM programs. The aim of PSM is to aid employees to mitigate episodic release of hazardous chemicals that would be catastrophic to the workplace and surrounding community (National Research Council. 2011, pp6-14). Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is the most important step in Process safety management (PSM). PHA seeks to identify and analyse the significance of potential hazards caused by handling or processing highly hazardous chemicals. It analyses causes and significance of fires, explosions, flammable toxic release and spills of hazardous chemicals. Focus is on factors that may affect the process such as human actions, instrumentation utilities and equipment in use (Skelton, 1997, pp 172-174). Written operating procedures must be implemented and must be consistent with process safety information. They prove clear instruct ions for undertaking the covered processes. Each task and procedure relating to the covered process should be clear, consistent and well communicated to the employees. Steps in every operating phase include initial startup, normal operations, temporary operations, emergency shutdown, among others. Operation procedures should also include operating limits such as, consequence of deviation, and steps required to correct the deviation or

Men and Women in Business Society Essay Example for Free

Men and Women in Business Society Essay It is said that in nowadays we live in a modern and developing world where people have unlimited opportunities for development.Widely supported statement is the one which says that the individual success fully depends on the individual abilities and skills.Although it is true,still there are some prejudices which reflect on us and our choice.In our more tolerant community(compared to the past) discrimination is unacceptable but unfortunatelly it still exists. More particularly we will pay attention to one popular belief in the sphere of business according to which men are better leaders than women. Where does this statement come from?What are the differences between businessmen and businesswomen?We will compare men and women in the business society and we will try to find out the truth. It is not a secret that men and women have some significant misunderstandings in their way of thinking and character. As it is said-Men are from Mars and Women from Venus. But lets take a closer look at what exactly show the surveys and statistics.According to them in tensed situations men are more cold-blooded while women are subordinated to emotions.Women are more insecure and prefer to do the things on their own,while men would rather give the task to someone else.That is why because unlike women,men feel comfortable giving orders to other people.Men prefer using competition to cooperation,in the contrary women prefer cooperation to competition because women really appreciate their social contacts on their working place.In difficult moment men accept that obstacle as ‘’problem-solution’’while women-‘’situation-reaction’’.For men taking risks is a question of profits. They ask themselves-‘’What will I win taking this risk?’’For women taking risks is a question of sacrifice or ‘’What is the price of this risk?’’, ‘’What will I have to sacrifice taking it?’’Women accept success as happy concurrence of circumstances while men in case of success take merit to themselves. From all mentioned above we come to a conclusion that women are more emotional and they pay more attention to their feelings-Business as a game of interests does not tolerate such behavior. That is why the sensibility of women and their subordination to criticism are perceived as disadvantage. In spite of all statistics and statements of psychologists my personal opinion is that we do not have to make a difference between a man and a woman. In spite of all supporting the thesis that men are better business leaders we-women know that the best way, in which men can obey to the women, is to remain them to belive that they are the leaders.So weather men are better business leaders or we women let them(in purpose) believe so is still a question with no answer.

Learning from Mother Teresa Essay -- Graduate College Admissions Essay

Learning from Mother Teresa       Mother Teresa is the most important peace hero of the 20th Century. Many have focused on bringing peace by political means, both violent and non-violent. Though these means may bring temporary relief, they treat only the symptoms of violence. Mother Teresa addressed the root of all violence which is in the human heart. She believed in an active peacemaking and taught that "works of love are works of peace." (Collopy 14) Her power came from three things: a radical understanding of peace, unwavering devotion to victims of all types of violence, and the beautiful example of her life.    Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Albania, in 1910 (Vardey xx). In 1928 she joined the Loretto order to work as a teacher in India. Her true calling came in 1946 when, according to Mother Teresa, "I was traveling to Darjeeling by train, when I heard the voice of God... The message was clear. I must leave the convent to help the poor by living among them" (Sebba 46). Mother Teresa left the confines of the Loretto order to begin her own ministry. In 1950 she received papal permission to found a new religious order, the Missionaries of Charity (Associated Press, Highlights). Through the Missionaries of Charity, Mother Teresa brought true peace and hope to millions.    Love is the most fundamental peace. Peace that comes from love is not simply the absence of conflict, it is active, living, and engages our truest selves. It is this positive peace that was Mother Teresa's radical vision. For Mother Teresa, peace was so much more than political stability. Nations do not suffer, individuals do. Nations cannot be at peace unless individuals are at peace. Mother Theresa said, "The whole... ...h all you meet. Remember, Works of love are works of peace." (Collopy 14). By valuing every human being, by finding Jesus even in the poorest of the poor, Mother Teresa was a hero because she gave peacemaking love to all she met, and taught others to do likewise by her example.    Works Cited    Associated Press. Mother Teresa in Her Own Words. 1997 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/mother.teresa/quotes/index.html Highlights of Mother Teresa's Life. 1997 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/mother.teresa/chronology/index.html CNN. "Saint of the Gutters". 1997 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/mother.teresa/impact/index.html Collopy, Michael. Works of Love are Works of Peace. San Francisco: Ignatius, 1996. Sebba, Anne. Mother Teresa. New York: Doubleday, 1997. Vardey, Lucinda. Mother Teresa-A Simple Path. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.

Men in Othello Essay

It has been observed that men in Othello are portrayed as being incapable of selfless love. Discuss the ways in which this could be regarded as a feminist play. â€Å"Othello† is a tragedy written in 1603 by William Shakespeare, whose writing reflected his concerns with the universal theme of love. It deals with the love between a father and a daughter, a husband and wife and in addition also the relationship between a man and a prostitute. The main focus for this theme is the portrayal of men and their inability to love selflessly. In response Shakespeare’s female characters represent a direct challenge to dominant patriarchal authority. Consequently â€Å"Othello† can be regarded from a modern critical perspective as a feminist play. In â€Å"Othello† Shakespeare presents women as the victims of patriarchal society. Brabantio, a Venetian Senator, promoting control and order, sees Desdemona as a passive goddess and his property, â€Å"Stol’n from me, and corrupted†. These words reveal his views on women and their status. Iago’s reference to Desdemona’s elopement â€Å"you’re robbed† highlights the similarities in the way that both characters treat women. Iago insinuates that Brabantio’s property has been taken away from him. When Brabantio admonishes Roderigo stating, â€Å"My daughter is not for thee† the audience begin to understand that Desdemona is not only his daughter but she is also his possession. Clearly Jacobean England would sympathise with Brabantio viewing the elopement as an act against patriarchy and denying a father the right to marry off his daughter as he sees fit. A modern audience however would find it difficult to identify with a character who is materialistic in his attitude towards his daughter. He describes Desdemona as a â€Å"jewel† which shows that he sees her as a passive goddess who has been apprehended by a â€Å"thief†. The Duke deals with the elopement with restraint representing a judicious state. He responds to Brabantio with rationality † This is no proof† and urges Brabantio to reconcile himself to the marriage. A less positive interpretation of the Duke however might argue that private affairs do not concern him; his priorities lie with stopping the Turks from invading Cyprus. Venetian patriarchal society can be seen as one that patronises women and defines them in terms of their physical beauty â€Å"the guttered rocks opon men will fall†, expressing the idea that beautiful women are possessed by the natural elements. This society closely resembles Jacobean England. Emilia is arguably the voice of feminism in the play. She deals with reality unlike Desdemona, and voices a practical view of men, â€Å"They are all but stomachs†¦.They eat us hungerly and when they are full They belch us†, presenting the idea that most men show their true colours after a few years of marriage. At the start of the play Emilia is ostensibly loyal and obedient, however, this changes and by the end of the play she becomes the voice of reason that stops Iago’s evil progress. Emilia believes that women are individuals who have desires just as men, showing her realistic approach to life. She is not afraid to voice her opinions and in turn dies for her faith in womanhood, â€Å"Let husbands know Their wives have sense like them†. Patriarchal tyranny is explored as Emilia accuses men of â€Å"Throwing restraint upon us†, showing that women are cut off from freedom. Emilia teaches Desdemona that letting men realise that a woman is in control could potentially end in devastation. Whilst talking to Desdemona, Emilia shifts from prose to blank verse to deliver a serious message, â€Å"It is their husbands’ fault if wives do fall†, highlights men’s negligence and revealing her realistic view of adultery. To a modern audience she would be perceived as a pragmatic role model for women, however in a Jacobean society, Emilia would be seen as trying to encourage women to go against their husbands. Shakespeare conveys a class difference between Emilia and Desdemona through their speech. When Emilia, Iago and Desdemona discuss Othello’s description of Desdemona, â€Å"that cunning whore†. Desdemona can barely utter the word â€Å"whore†, conveying her innocence. Emilia shows signs of authorative experience whilst comparatively Desdemona is presented as being naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and sheltered; the product of a Venetian elite that protects its women, due to social class. It is Desdemona’s naivety that makes her vulnerable whereas Emilia is able to stand up to Iago at the end at a price. A feminist reader would be interested in Emilia’s fate. In Jacobean society women were seen as child bearers and objects of male desire. Shakespeare has incorporated this idea in the role of Bianca, a vulnerable woman who like Desdemona is abused by men. â€Å"I must be circumstanced†, this shows Bianca to be a woman who accepts the conditions placed upon her by men. Sandra Clark at a sovereign lecture argued, â€Å"Her treatment at the hands of a misogynistic society reflects more broadly how women are victimed by men’s sexual hypocrisy†. Clark tries to convey the idea that in Jacobean society women were judged on a reputation that could easily be distorted by men. She suffers at the hands of social hypocrisy, as it is the men who visit her that condemn her â€Å"She’ll rail in the streets else†. Bianca is accused of killing Cassio as her appearance â€Å"gastness of her eye† is used by society as an admission of her guilt, however, due to her status and lack of power she cannot claim her innocence. Cassio does not want society to associate him with Bianca as he says that he does not want Othello to see him â€Å"womaned†, implying her insignificance as a woman in Venetian society and revealing disparaging attitudes. In â€Å"Othello†, Bianca is the weakest woman so it is ironic that she is the sole woman survivor. It can be construed that she survives because she is marginalized to the point of being completely insignificant. Infact she does not pose a threat to anyone. Desdemona, however poses a threat to white patriarchal society, as through miscegenation all heirs would be polluted and therefore towards the end of the play she is killed. Emilia is a threat to Iago’s plan and challenges his anti feminist perspective. Shakespeare in his writing seems to be saying that those women who voice their opinions and do wrong by their husbands are annihilated. In a patriarchal society â€Å"women are regulated to the bottom of the social hierarchy as weak and faithless† (Felicity Currie). According to the Jacobean chain of being the devil worked its way up the social hierarchy, through women hence the intense fear of witches. Women who were rebellious in a patriarchal society were seen as being under the influence of the devil. On many occasions Othello calls Desdemona a â€Å"devil†. Her name has connotations of the word demon. Ironically neither one is a devil, the real devil is Iago. Desdemona is a complex character. Audiences across history have responded to her representation of womanhood very differently. Desdemona appears to be both submissive and independent. When confronting her father it could be argued that Desdemona is given a voice, â€Å"What would you, â€Å"Desdemona†. Brabantio portrays his daughter as being innocent and submissive, â€Å"Is there not charms By which the property of youth and maidhood May be abused†. However, we see a dramatic change as she openly declares that she is ready for sexual intercourse, â€Å"The rites for which I love him are bereft me†. Desdemona is assertive when verbally attacked by Othello. â€Å"I took you for that cunning whore of Venice†. In contrast Desdemona’s portrayal of herself â€Å"No, as I am a Christian†¦Ã¢â‚¬  expresses a conventional Christian perspective implying that adultery is wrong. Desdemona cannot understand why a woman would want to commit adultery. She is far from Iago’s sexual stereotype of Venetian women as â€Å"subtle whores†, rather, she plays an active feminine role as she is decribed as â€Å"half the wooer†. A modern day feminist might argue that this behaviour is too obedient. Desdemona appears to be naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve as she defends her husband when he strikes her. At first she says, â€Å"I have not deserved this†. Othello’s behaviour is out of character and as a result of Iago’s insinuating words. Desdemona thereafter accepts the physical abuse and defends her husband. Lodovico analyses the situation and states, â€Å"Truly, an obedient lady†. A modern audience would find this hard to comprehend. Shakespeare presents Desdemona as a woman who is thought of highly in the Venetian state. She is seen to be making her own choices but also appears to be a victim. Through the character of Cassio Shakespeare provides a critique of the discourse of courtly love. Cassio is a courteous and noble character who idealises Desdemona. In Act 2, Scene 1 Cassio speaks in blank verse. He calls Desdemona â€Å"th’ essential vesture of creation†, placing her on a pedestool and suggesting that her beauty is without equal and worthy of all praise. Desdemona is praised as being divinely blessed with â€Å"the grace of heaven†. He therefore can be described as the voice of patriarchal orthodoxy using materialistic imagery and hyperbolic language to describe Desdemona as â€Å"the riches of the ship†. This imagery objectifies and idealises Desdemona as a physical possession. Patriarchal orthodoxy does not allow women to be judged upon their achievements or their own subjectivity, instead her beauty gives her status. Cassio represents this reductiveness. In Cassio’s underlying lack of respect for Bianca, â€Å"Throw your vile guesses in the devil’s teeth†, Shakespeare uses a technique where the sub plot echoes the main plot and presents sexual hypocrisy through Cassio. His undoubtedly high opinion of Desdemona means that other women cannot be her equivalent. Women, according to Cassio are either angels worshipped from afar or whores marginalized by respectable society. He is ashamed to be seen publicly with Bianca, yet he still sleeps with her. He ridicules Iago’s suggestion of marrying Bianca, â€Å"Do not think it so wholesome† (saying that it would be morally tainting) because like Othello he expects his wife to be â€Å"angelic†. Iago is employed by Shakespeare to dramatise misogynistic attitudes towards women. This becomes evident through his use of chauvinistic language â€Å"guinea-hen†. His belief is that all women are prostitutes who will betray their husbands eventually. On many occasions Iago dehumanises Emilia referring to her as a â€Å"strumpet†. His sexual jealousy leads him to believe that Othello slept with his wife, â€Å"I hate the Moor, And it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets He’s done my office†. Iago speaks in prose to express his antifeminist view of women, which makes the tone of his opinions more down to earth. Upon reading the play the audience can see how cynical Iago is about women and how they employ their beauty to their advantage. He uses derogative terminology, â€Å"players in your housewifery† to imply that women are prostitutes and believes women’s humanity consists of lechery and faithlessness. Iago does not share the impractical antithetical view of Desdemona voiced by Cassio. He believes, â€Å"The wine she drinks is made of grapes† suggesting that she is human and like all other women. He views her as flawed as a result of her love for the Moor and he cannot comprehend why a wealthy aristocratic white woman would choose to marry a black man. There is a clear contrast between Cassio’s language of courtly love, â€Å"a most exquisite lady† and Iago’s colloquial language, â€Å"whore†. The power of Desdemona and Othello’s relationship lies in the couple’s love for one another, yet Desdemona’s influence over Othello is not acceptable to the misogynistic Iago. He cannot comprehend why Othello has given in to the feminine emotion of love, which he views as a sign of weakness. His perception of love is purely anatomical â€Å"carnal stings†¦a lust of the blood†, therefore he is dismissive of the emotional bonds between women and men. It can be argued that Iago represents the underlying misogyny and racism within liberal Venice. â€Å"Textwise† by Felicity Currie explores this idea and suggests that Iago’s, â€Å"discourse is â€Å"honest† in that it is an expression of dominant ideology, which ensures that the status quo is maintained†. Brabantio and Othello are both easily convinced of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness, therefore Iago appears to voice beliefs held by male society about women. Othello and Desdemona’s relationship does not conform to the expectations of a patriarchal orthodoxy; consequently perhaps Shakespeare holds it up as an ideal against which other relationships should be judged. At the start of this play, the relationship is distinguished as an ideal. It promotes equality and is built on loyalty. This mutual affection is apparent as Othello describes Desdemona as being â€Å"half the wooer†. The reunion of Othello and Desdemona highlights their love, â€Å"o my fair warrior!† and she responds â€Å"My dear Othello†. The equality and balance of power in their relationship appears to be a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade, as when Othello kills Desdemona, he does not permit her to voice a defence. He loses all self-dignity as he pompously suggests that he is killing her for â€Å"all men that were abused†. A positive aspect of the relationship is that both talk movingly about their love for one another in front of a possibly censorious senate, â€Å"How I did thrive in this fair lady’s love†. When Othello asks the senate if Desdemona can come with him to Cyprus, their superficial need for one another can be seen. Othello is perhaps too ready to find Desdemona guilty, Shakespeare suggests, however, that his position as an outsider makes him particularly susceptible to jealousy. Othello was aware of his looks, â€Å"thick lips†, â€Å"the devil†, â€Å"old black ram†, separating him from the white Venetian public. His treatment of Desdemona can be perceived as that of a man who â€Å"loved too well†. In turn Othello becomes insecure causing him to doubt Desdemona to a greater extent. The relationship moves from optimism to pessimism. Desdemona becomes a threat as she is suspected of adultery is just a small step from the sexual independence that she demonstrated in choosing Othello. In a patriarchal society this would be unheard of, therefore Desdemona is seen as a woman who appears to be out of control as suggested by Felicity Currie. Their love was not based on trust, showing that the relationship was probably not as idealistic as the audience would have liked to think. Shakespeare presents Othello as a man who too readily accepted Iago’s antifeminist perspective and then egotistically murdered Desdemona arguing that he was upholding justice, ensuring that she does not abuse other men. Othello’s passionate words change to derogatory language, â€Å"subtle whore†. As Iago makes Othello aware of Desdemona’s power over him, it becomes understandable why he has the need to re-establish power-hence Desdemona’s death. Othello is now in a position where he controls the situation. He reinstates his power as a man by leaving Desdemona feeling vulnerable and frightened. Shakespeare’s female characters do not conform to stereotype. All three women have contrasting attitudes to men. In turn all three are treated differently in society. Desdemona is described as being a â€Å"fair wife†, by Emilia the voice of truth, â€Å"So come my soul to bliss as I speak the truth† and Bianca is the representation of a powerless woman. She is the only female who is denied a voice showing that her silence determines her existence in society and that women are at the disposal of men. The male characters in Othello are incapable of selfless love. Iago is unable to love, stereotyping all women as whores. Conversely, Cassio idealises women as goddesses, however, hypocritically uses prostitutes. Othello’s relationship with Desdemona seems to be based on mutual respect and love, however, we could argue that even he is incapable of putting his own pride before Desdemona. Shakespeare suggests that in Jacobean England women’s position in society was dictated by men and female identity was constructed according to reductive stereotypes. Bibliography * Othello: The New Cambridge Shakespeare: Edited by Norman Sanders * Othello: New Swan Shakespeare: Edited by Gamini Salgado * Introduction to Arden Shakespeare * Othello: â€Å"Textwise† By Felicity Currie * Sovereign education lecture notes: By Sandra Clark * Othello: York Notes Advanced * www.sparknotes.com * www.learn.co.uk * www.teachit.co.uk

Summary Of Rudyard Kipling s The Great Gatsby Essay

They re there, there, there with Earth immortal (Citizens, I give you friendly warning). That the things that truly last when men and times have passed, they are all in Pennsylvania this morning! Rudyard Kipling 1. The Commonwealth They Served The weather was seasonally cold in Pennsylvania’s Capitol late in 1914. On Sunday morning, December 27, the temperature was 1 degree Fahrenheit. This reading was the lowest ever registered in the last month of the year during the almost three-decade history of the Harrisburg weather station. Nevertheless, the cold did not dim the spirit of the holiday season as the Harrisburg Evening Telegraph newspaper cheerfully proclaimed, â€Å"Perfect Christmas Makes City Happy.† During that week Governor John K. Tener, in the last month of his term, released a legislatively mandated report that made history. The Report of the Economy and Efficiency Commission, for one of the very few times in Pennsylvania’s Chronicle, provided the public with a roster of all 5,152 state employees. The release of this document was a key milestone in the Commonwealth’s early 20th-century effort to improve its personnel management practices. By listing names, this document provides an opportunity to recognize the often-unheralded contributions of selected state employees assigned to organizations under the general supervision of the Governor. The register also affords an invaluable chance to appreciate how the offices, bureaus, and divisions make Pennsylvania